The ability to rebuild a package from the source can benefit any Linux power user. It allows you to perform package changes, enable or disable a feature or even apply custom modifications.
The processes and steps are illustrated on a Debian 10 distribution.
Enable Source Repositories.
The first step before rebuilding a source package is to enable the source repositories for your distribution.
Enabling the source repos allows you to search and download source packages by the default apt package manager.
In Debian systems, you can add the source packages by editing the /etc/apt/sources.list file.
For example, the following is the contents of sources.list for Debian buster with the source packages enabled.
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main
The deb-src enables the source packages telling the package manager to give use the source package and not the usual binary file.
Once enabled, save the file and use apt to update using the command:
sudo apt-get update
Fetch Source Package
After you run apt-get update, you can fetch the source package to modify for your system.
For example, let us use the tar package as an example.
Start by creating a directory to store the source packages.
mkdir apt-rebuilds
cd apt-rebuilds
Next, download the source package by using the command:
apt-get source tar
The above command should download the source packages for the tar command and store them in the current directory.
To view the files in the directory, use the ls command as:
ls -la
Check and Install Build Dependencies
The next step involves checking and installing the required build dependencies for the package you wish to rebuild.
Inside the source packages' directory, enter the command below to check for the unmet build dependencies.
sudo dpkg-checkbuilddeps
The command will display all the unmet dependencies for the package. Although you can install them manually, a more straightforward method is to use apt to install the source packages for you.
To do this, use the command:
sudo apt-get build-dep tar
The command above will fetch the dependencies and install them for you.
Modify the package.
At this stage, you will want to make the changes to the package and enable or disable any feature you need. This is a broad aspect, and not possible to cover what you can change for each package.
Once you make the required changes, recompile the source and save it with a different version number. You can do this by using the command:
dch --local tar
This will prompt you for your desired editor and launch the changelog for you to edit.
You can add a few lines to describe the changes made and change the version.
Build Package
The final step is to build the source package. Ensure you are in the source package directory and run the command:
dpkg-buildpackage –force-sign
The command will initialize the build process using all the changes made in the above step.
Depending on the changes and the package to rebuild, the process can take a few minutes or longer.
Install Package
Once the build process is completed, it will generate a binary package in the parent directory. To install, use the dpkg command:
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
In closing
Building packages is a must-have skill for any Linux administrator and a good skill for a regular Linux user. This guide walks you through how to do so in simple steps.
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